The 14th amendment(US) was made after the civil war and had the freed slaves primarily in mind.
Equal protection afforded by the law for all citizens impartially:
The Equal Protection Clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws".
I would think that making the disfellowshipping elders the primary target of a slander lawsuit, might work. Their kangaroo style secret court could be highlighted as extremely cruel and a total mockery of justice that lead to your name being announced as a member who must be shunned by all Jehovah's world wide as a serious evil doer. Might get a few thousand, and send shockwaves through the JW community especially the elders.